Learn why liver clearance of nanoparticles doesn’t guarantee elimination from the body. Discover how silver, gold, silica, and graphene oxide nanoparticles translocate, reabsorb, and persist, even after being processed by the liver. This blog also explores real-world products containing these particles.
Why Nanoparticles in Urine Matter — and Why You Shouldn’t Re‑Drink It
Why Nanoparticles in Urine Matter — and Why You Shouldn’t Re‑Drink It
by Yannis - S4M
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Understanding Nanoparticle Excretion and the Pitfalls of Urine Re-Ingestion*
Understanding Nanoparticle Excretion and the Pitfalls of Urine Re-Ingestion*
(Estimated reading time: 7 minutes)
Introduction: Can Urine Teach the Body About Nanotech?
Introduction: Can Urine Teach the Body About Nanotech?
In the growing discussion around nanotoxicity and detox protocols, one question often resurfaces:
If the body excretes nanoparticles in urine, does re-ingesting that urine help the body “recognize the enemy”?
Some propose that since nanoparticles might be biomimetic and initially “invisible” to the immune system, their appearance in urine could make them more identifiable if consumed again.
This idea, however, is scientifically unfounded and potentially harmful.
Urine excretion is not part of an immune-training process. It is the body’s method of removing unwanted materials — including potentially harmful nanoparticles.
Let’s break down why the size, shape, and chemical properties of nanoparticles determine whether they can leave the body through urine, and why drinking that urine would only reintroduce what the body was trying to expel.
How the Kidneys Filter Nanoparticles
How the Kidneys Filter Nanoparticles
The Size Cutoff: Smaller Than 6 Nanometers
The kidneys filter blood through highly specialized structures called glomerular filtration barriers. These barriers act like molecular sieves, generally allowing particles smaller than 5 to 6 nanometers (nm) in hydrodynamic diameter to pass into the urine.
Particles smaller than ~5 nm can easily be excreted.
Particles larger than ~6–8 nm typically cannot pass and remain in circulation or accumulate in other organs.
👉 Clinical studies confirm this size cutoff in both animals and humans. Human trials using 6–7 nm silica nanoparticles (“Cornell dots”) showed near-complete urinary clearance within hours.
Shape and Aggregation Matter
Size is critical, but it’s not the whole story. The shape of nanoparticles and whether they are dispersed or aggregated also affect clearance.
Long, thin, flexible particles (like single-walled carbon nanotubes) can pass through the filtration barrier if properly aligned.
Aggregated particles or clumps behave as larger, rigid spheres and usually get stuck.
Graphene oxide sheets: Small sheets can pass via filtration; larger sheets are sometimes secreted via the kidney tubules, but this route is slower and can damage kidney cells.
Material-Specific Nanoparticle Behavior in the Kidneys
Material-Specific Nanoparticle Behavior in the Kidneys
Silver Nanoparticles (AgNP)
Most silver nanoparticles are too large to clear efficiently through urine.
Silver ions (Ag⁺), which may leach from the particles, are freely filtered and can appear in urine.
Chronic silver exposure can overwhelm clearance pathways, leading to tissue accumulation (argyria).
Lithium (Ions, Environmental Exposure, and Nano-Forms).
Lithium from geoengineering fallout, air contamination, or food sources is most likely present as ionic lithium (Li⁺) or as lithium salts such as lithium carbonate or lithium chloride. The body handles these forms in the same way it handles lithium from medication: absorption into the bloodstream, filtration by the kidneys, and excretion via urine.
Lithium excretion is highly kidney-dependent. Approximately 95% of lithium is excreted unchanged in the urine.
Serum levels of lithium: Therapeutic range is typically 0.6–1.2 mmol/L; toxicity begins above 1.5 mmol/L.
Urinary lithium concentration: Directly proportional to blood levels.
Half-life: 18–36 hours, extended in dehydration or kidney impairment.
Re-ingestion of lithium-containing urine reintroduces lithium ions into the bloodstream. This can bypass natural intake controls and create a dangerous recirculation loop:
Blood Li⁺ → Kidney filtration → Urinary Li⁺ → Oral re-ingestion → Blood Li⁺ ↑↑
Since the kidneys reabsorb about 80% of filtered lithium, each cycle increases systemic lithium load.
Health Risks of Lithium Recirculation
Acute toxicity:
Lithium levels above 1.5 mmol/L can cause nausea, tremors, muscle weakness, confusion, and slurred speech.
Levels above 2.0 mmol/L can lead to kidney damage, seizures, and coma.
Levels above 2.5 mmol/L may cause life-threatening heart arrhythmias and organ failure.
Chronic toxicity:
Lithium accumulates over time, causing thyroid dysfunction, kidney fibrosis, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (excessive urination and thirst), and neurological symptoms like tremors and memory problems.
This differs from natural dietary lithium intake:
Daily exposure from food (0.01–0.3 mg/day) is efficiently handled and cleared without risk of accumulation.
Urine re-ingestion artificially amplifies lithium levels in a way that natural dietary intake never would.
Real-World Implications
Urine therapy practices may inadvertently lead to lithium accumulation and toxicity, especially in people using lithium medications, living near lithium-contaminated water sources, or exposed to lithium through geoengineering fallout.
Survival scenarios involving urine recycling (e.g., desert emergencies) could dangerously concentrate lithium if repeated over time.
Key Takeaway:
Key Takeaway:
Re-ingesting lithium-containing urine is not a benign practice. It creates a closed-loop system that may rapidly elevate lithium to toxic levels, particularly because the kidneys reabsorb a significant portion of filtered lithium. This is a fundamentally different risk than exposure to trace lithium from diet or environment.
For detailed pharmacokinetic data, see:
Silica Nanoparticles
Ultra-small silica nanoparticles (~6–7 nm) clear rapidly via the kidneys in both animals and humans.
Larger silica particles tend to accumulate in the liver or spleen unless they dissolve into silicic acid, which is readily excreted.
Human clinical trials (such as those with Cornell dots) confirm fast urinary clearance of well-designed silica nanoparticles.
Carbon-Based Nanoparticles
Carbon nanotubes can clear via the kidneys if individually dispersed and small in diameter (~1–2 nm).
Graphene oxide sheets: Small sheets are filtered; larger sheets can be secreted by kidney tubule cells but may cause tubular damage.
Carbon black or soot particles: Too large to clear through kidneys and typically accumulate in organs.
Should You Drink Your Urine?
Should You Drink Your Urine?
Why Urine Therapy Is a Problem in Nanoparticle Detox
Urine is the body’s waste management system, designed to eliminate what the body wants to remove — including nanoparticles and their toxic fragments.
If you re-ingest that urine, you’re simply reintroducing those nanoparticles back into your system.
You are not “teaching” your immune system. You are forcing your kidneys to process the same toxins again.
There’s no evidence that this improves detox or immune recognition. On the contrary:
Small nanoparticles will be reabsorbed through the digestive system.
Free ions (like silver or lithium) will circulate again.
Any protein-coated nanoparticles reintroduced may even trigger unwanted immune reactions or contribute to inflammation.
👉 In simple terms: Drinking excreted nanoparticles is reversing the body’s detoxification work.
Quick Recap: Why Nanoparticle Urinary Excretion Matters
Quick Recap: Why Nanoparticle Urinary Excretion Matters
✔️ The kidneys primarily excrete nanoparticles smaller than 5–6 nm.
✔️ Shape, surface properties, and aggregation strongly influence clearance.
✔️ Materials like silica, carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxide can pass if properly sized.
✔️ Re-ingesting urine reintroduces nanoparticles and toxic ions the body is actively trying to eliminate.
✔️ Urine therapy, in this context, is not beneficial — it is potentially harmful.
What’s Next: Liver and Bile Clearance
What’s Next: Liver and Bile Clearance
In the next article, we’ll explore how the liver processes larger nanoparticles and how they exit the body via bile and feces.
Follow the series to get a full picture of how the body fights nanomaterial accumulation.
❓ FAQ: How Can the Kidneys Reabsorb Lithium and Still Excrete 95%?
❓ FAQ: How Can the Kidneys Reabsorb Lithium and Still Excrete 95%?
Question: If the kidneys excrete approximately 95% of lithium, how can they also reabsorb 80%?
Answer: This is a great question and highlights an important kidney process. It sounds contradictory at first, but it’s actually about two different stages:
✔️ Stage 1: Filtering at the Glomerulus.
The glomerulus (the kidney’s initial filtering system) acts like a sieve: it filters nearly all lithium present in the bloodstream, sending it into the kidney’s initial filtrate.
Only a small fraction of the lithium you take ends up in urine directly from this process.
This is why we say lithium is "freely filtered." (Lithium (medication)), (Lithium in the Kidney: Friend and Foe?)
✔️ Stage 2: Reabsorption in the Tubules
As this filtrate travels through the kidney’s tubules, about 80% of the filtered lithium is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream via mechanisms shared with sodium transporters.
This reabsorption occurs primarily in the proximal tubule (about 80%) and continues through the loop of Henle and distal parts (pathways shared with sodium) (about 20%) (Frontiers) (Cambridge University Press)
✔️ Stage 3: Overall Excretion
Even with 80% reabsorption, the remaining 20% of what was filtered enters final urine.
Clinically, about 95% of the lithium dose you take is eventually excreted unchanged, reflecting the balance between initial filtration and ongoing reabsorption/excretion. (pubmed)
👉 In simple terms: The kidneys filter almost all lithium quickly. They temporarily reabsorb most of it. Over time, they still remove about 95% of the total lithium dose you consumed. This is why both the “95% excreted” and “80% reabsorbed” statements are true—just referring to different phases of the process.
📚 Key Studies & Evidence
“After glomerular filtration, 80% of filtered lithium is reabsorbed via renal tubules” (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
“Lithium is completely filtered in the glomerulus, and up to 80% is reabsorbed…”
Lithium’s total urinary excretion exceeds 95% of the administered dose, confirming that reabsorption slows down but doesn’t prevent eventual clearance
🧾 In Summary
Filtered = what passes into the kidney's input stream (nearly 100% of lithium in blood).
Reabsorbed = percentage of that filtered lithium removed before urine output (≈80%).
Excreted = what remains and leaves the body (≈95% of the initial dose over time).
Footnote
*This blog provides a concise overview. For those who want the full scientific deep dive with extended references, case studies, and clearance pathway maps, we offer an exclusive downloadable PDF for our private community members.
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Really fascinating article, thank you for writing it! May I ask…if the kidneys expel 95% of lithium, how would they absorb 80%?