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The Double-Edged Sword of Nanoparticles: Breakthroughs and Risks in Biomedicine
The Double-Edged Sword of Nanoparticles: Breakthroughs and Risks in Biomedicine
by Yannis - S4M
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Introduction
Introduction
Nanoparticles (NPs) are transforming medicine, offering precision drug delivery and cutting-edge diagnostics. Yet, their toxicity risks are often overlooked. A 2021 study (see analysis further below), sheds light on how NPs can harm cells—and how to make them safer (according to the authors. My position is that there is no safe nanoparticle that will not cause toxicity. The proposals about the safety from the authors are estimates and not proven facts.
Key Insights
Key Insights
What Makes NPs Toxic?
What Makes NPs Toxic?
Size & Surface Area: Smaller NPs (e.g., 10 nm gold NPs) have higher reactivity, damaging cells more easily.
Shape: Rod-shaped NPs (e.g., silver nanorods) show greater cytotoxicity than spheres.
Surface Coating: PEI-coated iron oxide NPs are toxic, while PEGylated versions are safer. (S4M comment: safer... what does it mean? Still does not say safe! Always pay attention to the words used...)
Mechanisms of Damage
Mechanisms of Damage
Oxidative Stress: NPs generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), harming DNA and mitochondria.
Genotoxicity: Silver and titanium dioxide NPs cause chromosomal aberrations.
Neurotoxicity: Iron oxide NPs disrupt brain function by crossing the blood-brain barrier.
Evidence of nanoparticle-induced DNA damage across species
Safer Alternatives (S4M Comment: Not really Safe)
Safer Alternatives (S4M Comment: Not really Safe)
Biosynthesized NPs: Plant-based coatings reduce toxicity (e.g., green-synthesized silver NPs).
Tailored Designs: Spherical, larger NPs with biocompatible coatings minimize harm.
Case Studies
Case Studies
Gold NPs: Great for imaging but toxic to stem cells at <20 nm.
Copper Oxide NPs: Effective antimicrobials, but cause lung and liver damage.
Conclusions:
Conclusions:
NPs are not inherently "bad"—their safety depends on design. Researchers advocate for:
✔️ Rigorous toxicity screening.
✔️ Preferential use of biosynthesized NPs.
✔️ Public awareness of nanomaterial risks.
Analysis of the Study: "Toxicity of Nanoparticles in Biomedical Application: Nanotoxicology"
Analysis of the Study: "Toxicity of Nanoparticles in Biomedical Application: Nanotoxicology"
Key Details:
Authors: Chukwuebuka Egbuna et al., published in the Journal of Toxicology (2021).
Focus: Examines the toxic effects of nanoparticles (NPs) used in biomedical applications, emphasizing factors influencing toxicity and mechanisms of action.
Key Findings:
Properties Influencing Toxicity: Size, surface area, shape, aspect ratio, surface coating, crystallinity, dissolution, and agglomeration.
Mechanisms of Toxicity: Oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and neurotoxicity.
Specific NPs Studied: Gold, silver, copper oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, and aluminum oxide nanoparticles.
Size Matters: Smaller NPs (e.g., 10 nm silver NPs) show higher toxicity due to increased surface reactivity.
Shape Matters: Rod-shaped NPs are more toxic than spherical ones (e.g., silver nanorods vs. nanospheres).
Surface Coating: Can mitigate or exacerbate toxicity (e.g., PEGylation reduces iron oxide NP toxicity).
Oxidative Stress: A common pathway for NP-induced damage, leading to DNA, protein, and lipid damage.
Genotoxicity: NPs can cause DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations, and mutations.
Neurotoxicity: NPs like TiO₂ and iron oxide can cross the blood-brain barrier, causing inflammation and cognitive dysfunction.
Summary of the Study:
The study highlights the dual nature of NPs—beneficial for drug delivery and imaging but potentially harmful due to their ability to induce oxidative stress, cellular damage, and systemic toxicity.
Toxicity depends on physicochemical properties, exposure routes (including ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact), and the dose.
Biosynthesized NPs are often less toxic than chemically synthesized ones due to biocompatible coatings.
Conclusion of the Study:
While NPs hold immense promise in biomedicine, their safety profiles must be rigorously evaluated.
Tailoring NP properties (size, shape, coating) can minimize toxicity.
Future research should focus on long-term exposure effects and standardized toxicity testing protocols.
Link to the Study:
Read it or download it either in the Journal of Toxicology or in Academia.edu here.
Anti-Nano Protocols: Mitigating Toxicity
Anti-Nano Protocols: Mitigating Toxicity
Anti-Nano Protocols
Anti-Nano Protocols
Use the only proven protocols for their efficiency, as recommended by Tony Pantelleresco.
The use of antinano devices is fundamental, as it is the only technology and remedy that addresses and stops the cause of the problem, which is the capability of NPs to network, expand, form synthetic biology, and create nano bots, among other things.
Everything else mentioned above is efficient against the NPs. It can remove them from the body efficiently, only if their program has been disengaged via the EMPs of the Antinano devices.
NOTE: The antinano devices are PEMF, BUT NOT EVERY PEMF device is an Antinano device. Most actually will activate the nano....
Evidence of the effectiveness of the antinano devices can be seen in the video below.
You can purchase your antinano device from my eshop here.
It is the only place in the world where you can order an antinano device that allows you to change the pulse rate and duration, thereby disengaging different nanoparticles.
In some frequencies, you will notice more powder and mud forms in the detox bath; in other frequencies you will see different sizes and shapes coming out.
Needs Rigorous Preclinical Testing:
Needs Rigorous Preclinical Testing:
Steps:
COxidative Stress Assays (e.g., DCFH-DA for ROS).
Genotoxicity Screening (Comet assay, micronucleus test).
Long-Term Biodistribution Studies (e.g., ICP-MS for metal accumulation).
Video
Video
If the video player is not working, you can watch it in youtube here
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